A leading exponent of the Organization of the Islamic Conference, and more or less faithful ally of

Pakistan: hidden tracking interests behind the state aid
The UN General Assembly is meeting on Thursday in New York in special session to bring its support to flood victims in Pakistan. But what are the motivations that drive States to solidarity? The views of two researchers.
Last week, the UN launched an appeal to the international community donates $ 460 million in favor of Pakistan, where monsoon rains left at least 2,000 dead and more than 15 million victims. But so far only a small fraction of what is required has been collected. tracking Now Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon hopes to persuade the 192 UN member states to be more generous towards a country brought to its knees. An appeal that has a good chance to be heard, not only by virtue tracking of the severity tracking of the disaster, but also of the international role of Pakistan and especially its proximity to Afghanistan. Between promise tracking and reality
"The tracking promise of donation has a political rather than humanitarian," says Riccardo Bocco, a professor tracking at the Institute of International Studies and Development (IHEID). "In this way a state can show publicly its commitment to a country tracking or a particular situation. But the sum promised never corresponds to what is being paid. In the best case is given 40% of what was promised initially, most often 20-30%. " Not to mention that between the time of the announcement and the payment may arise other political imperatives or new international crises, tracking and that the needs of individual states may be revalued in operation tracking - for example - their ability to handle the influx of money. More nuanced speech Carbonnier Gilles, professor tracking of economics at the 'IHEID: "There are huge geopolitical interests in these border regions," the scene of conflict between the Pakistani army and Taliban insurgents. "But it's all the humanitarian system to be in trouble, because of the proliferation of these dramatic situations, such as the earthquake in Haiti or the famine in Africa. It is not so obvious to be able to raise additional funds and launch a rescue operation internationally. " Size humanitarian and geopolitical
A leading exponent of the Organization of the Islamic Conference, and more or less faithful ally of the United States, Pakistan should still be able to move the minds Thursday in New York, thus confirming a constant humanitarian aid. "Humanitarian action has always tracking responded well to the geopolitical considerations," says Professor Gilles Carbonnier, among other things, member of the board of Médecins Sans Frontières. (MSF). "One of the founding acts of humanitarian action was a law passed by the U.S. Congress in 1812 to help Venezuela. It was to assist the population affected by an earthquake. But given that Venezuela was in full war of independence against tracking Spain, the U.S. intervention also taking a clear political dimension. Since then, these two dimensions - consider geopolitics and international solidarity - continue to affect humanitarian action. " In recent years, with the emergence of humanitarian military, these two dimensions have often been amalgamated, says Gilles Carbonnier. "NATO and the U.S. military are convinced that they can conduct at the same time a humanitarian and military offensive, as in Iraq or Afghanistan in their fight against terrorism." A dangerous combination denounced by NGOs and that often results in a resurgence of violence. Legitimacy and sovereignty at risk
A state in the middle tracking of the humanitarian crisis has every incentive to carefully examine the concern of the other countries concerned. "The influential states such as Pakistan, Russia (recently hit by huge fires), or the United States (Hurricane Katrina in 2005) ask themselves questions about their legitimacy and sovereignty," he recalls Gilles Carbonnier. He added: "At first a state often tries to respond with its own strengths to the needs of the population. This is to prove to people its legitimacy and other countries with their own sovereignty. An appeal for solidarity can therefore be perceived as a loss of sovereignty and legitimacy in particular to the people. " "But tracking if a state chooses not to ask for help, he adds Carbonnier, then failing to respond to the needs of the population and to avoid dramatic consequences, will face a great responsibility that will risk damaging its legitimacy. It is a big dilemma. " More and more actors nell'umanitario
The fact remains that this game of power between tracking states is becoming increasingly complex. "For the last ten years, in fact, international organizations has added another actor